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Phagocytes are usually not bound to any particular organ but move through the body interacting with the other phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells of the immune system. They can communicate with other cells by producing chemicals called cytokines , which recruit other phagocytes to the site of infections or stimulate dormant lymphocytes . [ 53 ]
The activation of T H 1 and M1 macrophage is a positive feedback loop, with IFN-γ from T H 1 cells upregulating CD40 expression on macrophages; the interaction between CD40 on the macrophages and CD40L on T cells activate macrophages to secrete IL-12; and IL-12 promotes more IFN-γ secretion from T H 1 cells.
An osteoclast is a large multinucleated cell and human osteoclasts on bone typically have four nuclei [5] and are 150–200 μm in diameter. When osteoclast-inducing cytokines are used to convert macrophages to osteoclasts, very large cells that may reach 100 μm in diameter occur. These may have dozens of nuclei, and typically express major ...
In immunology, the mononuclear phagocyte system or mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) also known as the macrophage system is a part of the immune system that consists of the phagocytic cells [1] located in reticular connective tissue. The cells are primarily monocytes and macrophages, and they accumulate in lymph nodes and the spleen.
A foreign-body giant cell is a collection of fused macrophages which are generated in response to the presence of a large foreign body. This is particularly evident with catheters , parasites , or biomaterials that are inserted into the body for replacement or regeneration of diseased or damaged tissues.
A giant cell (also known as a multinucleated giant cell, or multinucleate giant cell) is a mass formed by the union of several distinct cells (usually histiocytes), often forming a granuloma. [ 1 ] Although there is typically a focus on the pathological aspects of multinucleate giant cells (MGCs), they also play many important physiological roles.
Phagocytosis (from Ancient Greek φαγεῖν (phagein) 'to eat' and κύτος (kytos) 'cell') is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome. It is one type of endocytosis. A cell that performs phagocytosis is called a phagocyte.
Alveolar macrophages are phagocytes that play a critical role in homeostasis, host defense, and tissue remodeling. [7] Their population density is decisive for these many processes. They are highly adaptive and can release many secretions, to interact with other cells and molecules using several surface receptors.