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EN 1993-2 gives a general basis for the structural design of steel bridges and steel parts of composite bridges. It gives provisions that supplement, modify or supersede the equivalent provisions given in the various parts of EN 1993-1. This standard is concerned only with the resistance, serviceability and durability of bridge structures.
BS 5400-1:1988 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. General statement. BS 5400-2:2006 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Specification for loads. BS 5400-3:2000 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Code of practice for design of steel bridges. (This part of standard is being partially replaced) BS 5400-4:1990 Steel, concrete and ...
Steel column members must be verified as adequate to prevent buckling after axial and moment requirements are met. There are currently two common methods of steel design: The first method is the Allowable Strength Design (ASD) method. The second is the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method. Both use a strength, or ultimate level ...
All of the EN Eurocodes relating to materials have a Part 1-1 which covers the design of buildings and other civil engineering structures and a Part 1-2 for fire design. The codes for concrete, steel, composite steel and concrete, and timber structures and earthquake resistance have a Part 2 covering design of bridges.
Successful drawing depends on the flow and stretch of the material. Steels, copper alloys, and aluminium alloys are commonly drawn metals. [4]In sheet metal drawing, as a die forms a shape from a flat sheet of metal (the "blank"), the material is forced to move and conform to the die.
The narrow section at mid-span gives the bridge profile a slight arch shape making this design particularly useful when large headroom is required. The profile also makes the bridge more architecturally pleasing than a beam bridge. Rigid-frame design may be the most efficient bridge type for spans between 35 and 80 feet (11 and 24 m). [5]
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In a plate girder bridge, the plate girders are typically I-beams made up from separate structural steel plates (rather than rolled as a single cross-section), which are welded or, in older bridges, bolted or riveted together to form the vertical web and horizontal flanges of the beam. In some cases, the plate girders may be formed in a Z-shape ...