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  2. Polymerase chain reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction

    A strip of eight PCR tubes, each containing a 100 μL reaction mixture Placing a strip of eight PCR tubes into a thermal cycler. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists to amplify a very small sample of DNA (or a part of it) sufficiently to enable detailed study.

  3. DNA sequencing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing

    DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. The advent of rapid DNA sequencing methods has greatly accelerated biological and medical research and ...

  4. Real-time polymerase chain reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_polymerase_chain...

    Quantitative PCR can also be applied to the detection and quantification of DNA in samples to determine the presence and abundance of a particular DNA sequence in these samples. [3] This measurement is made after each amplification cycle, and this is the reason why this method is called real time PCR (that is, immediate or simultaneous PCR).

  5. DNA sequencer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencer

    The sequencing methods applied by these sequencers do not require DNA amplification (polymerase chain reaction – PCR), which speeds up the sample preparation before sequencing and reduces errors. In addition, sequencing data is collected from the reactions caused by the addition of nucleotides in the complementary strand in real time.

  6. Variants of PCR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variants_of_PCR

    Nested PCR is often more successful in specifically amplifying long DNA products than conventional PCR, but it requires more detailed knowledge of the sequence of the target. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is used to measure the specific amount of target DNA (or RNA) in a sample. By measuring amplification only within the phase of true exponential ...

  7. History of polymerase chain reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_polymerase...

    Simpler machines for Taq-based PCR were developed, and on November 19, 1987, a press release announces the commercial availability of the "PCR-1000 Thermal Cycler" and "AmpliTaq DNA Polymerase". In the spring of 1985 John Sninsky at Cetus began to use PCR for the difficult task of measuring the amount of HIV circulating in blood.

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