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Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. [1] The pentad symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. [1]
Generally, these treatments are given after the behavioral treatment has failed. Drugs such as tranquilizers, though they may work well in treating insomnia, have a risk of abuse which is why these treatments are not the first resort. Some sleep disorders such as narcolepsy do require pharmacological treatment.
The most common sleep-related symptom of bipolar disorder is insomnia, in addition to hypersomnia, nightmares, poor sleep quality, OSA, extreme daytime sleepiness, etc. [27] Moreover, animal models have shown that sleep debt can induce episodes of bipolar mania in laboratory mice, but these models are still limited in their potential to explain ...
Insufficient quality or quantity of night time sleep [5] Obstructive sleep apnea [6] Misalignments of the body's circadian pacemaker with the environment (e.g., jet lag, shift work, or other circadian rhythm sleep disorders) [7] Another underlying sleep disorder, such as narcolepsy, sleep apnea, [8] idiopathic hypersomnia, or restless legs syndrome
Hypnotic medications are equally effective in the short-term treatment of insomnia, but their effects wear off over time due to tolerance. The effects of CBT-I have sustained and lasting effects on treating insomnia long after therapy has been discontinued. [130] [131] The addition of hypnotic medications with CBT-I adds no benefit in insomnia ...
1. Fatigue. Research indicates that daytime sleepiness is the most obvious and common sign of sleep debt.If you feel groggy even after you’ve been awake for a while or if you find yourself ...
McLaren et al. [16] validated the Sleep Condition Indicator - a brief self-report measure of insomnia [17] - for use after stroke, and found the optimal diagnostic cut-off to be lower after stroke (≤13) than is conventional in the general population (≤16). There is no explicit treatment for sleep disorders following TBI.
Polyphasic sleep is the term used to describe any sleep pattern that includes three or more periods of shuteye in a 24-hour period instead of the more traditional large snooze at night.