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The Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine (German: Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein) was a grand duchy in western Germany that existed from 1806 to 1918. The grand duchy originally formed from the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1806 as the Grand Duchy of Hesse (German: Großherzogtum Hessen).
Flag of the regiment from 1709 to 1780 Uniform in 1762. The 94th Infantry Regiment (94e régiment d’infanterie or 94e RI) is a French Army regiment. It originated in 1709 as a German regiment in the French army known as the régiment Royal-Bavière. From 1780 to 1791 it was known as the régiment Royal-Hesse-Darmstadt.
During the Napoleonic Wars, Hesse fielded a division-strength troop corps (Truppenkorps). In 1820, as part of the Hessian troop contribution to the German Confederation 's Federal Army ( Bundesheer ), Hesse reorganized its army into two brigades of infantry, 1/2 company of horse artillery, two companies of foot artillery, one light horse ...
The Grand Duchy of Hesse (1806–1816), known as the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine from 1816 to 1918, was a former state in Hesse, Germany. The Grand Duchy was formed in 1806 after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. Napoleon then elevated the former Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt to the level of grand duchy.
Other states which had ceased to exist by 1871 include the Duchy of Nassau, the electoral principality of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), the free city of Frankfurt, and several smaller states. The following is a list of the principal civil and military decorations of these states. Kingdom of Hanover. Orders
The elector was restored following Napoleon's defeat in 1813, and although the Holy Roman Empire was now defunct, William retained his title of Elector, as it gave him pre-eminence over his cousin, the Grand Duke of Hesse. From 1813 onwards, the Electorate of Hesse was an independent country and, after 1815, a member of the German Confederation.
Hesse-Kassel manufactured its own weapons and uniforms, and its textile industry was so prosperous from supplying the military that workers could afford to buy meat and wine every day. The revenue from renting the army to the British equaled roughly 13 years' worth of taxes, [ 9 ] allowing the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, Friedrich II , to reduce ...
The coat of arms of Hesse was introduced in 1949. It is based on the historical coat of arms of the Ludovingian landgraves of Hesse and Thuringia. The lion on the modern arms does not wear a crown or hold a sword, as it does on the arms of the Grand Duchy.