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Route of Xenophon and the Ten Thousand (red line) in the Achaemenid Empire.The satrapy of Cyrus the Younger is delineated in green.. The Ten Thousand (Ancient Greek: οἱ Μύριοι, hoi Myrioi) were a force of mercenary units, mainly Greeks, employed by Cyrus the Younger to attempt to wrest the throne of the Persian Empire from his brother, Artaxerxes II.
Retreat of the Ten Thousand at the Battle of Cunaxa, by Jean Adrien Guignet. Louvre. Xenophon accompanied the Ten Thousand (words that Xenophon does not use), a large army of Greek mercenaries hired by Cyrus the Younger, who intended to seize the throne of Persia from his brother, Artaxerxes II.
There they were made prisoner, taken up to the king and there decapitated. The Greeks elected new officers and set out to march northwards to the Black Sea through Corduene and Armenia, to reach the Greek colonies on the shore. Their eventual success, the march of the Ten Thousand, was recorded by Xenophon in his Anabasis.
Route of Xenophon and the Ten Thousand (red line) in the Achaemenid Empire.The satrapy of Cyrus the Younger is delineated in green.. Written years after the events it recounts, Xenophon's book Anabasis (Greek: ἀνάβασις, literally "going up") [13] is his record of the expedition of Cyrus and the Greek mercenaries' journey to home. [14]
The Southern Colchis War or the War of the Ten Thousand was a conflict that took place in Southern Colchis (near Trabzon) between elite and heavily armored Greek hoplites and the Colchian people. Since Xenophon did not name this battle in his work Anabasis , the conflict is referred to by the region where it took place.
Thálassa! was the cry of joy when the roaming Ten Thousand Greeks saw Euxeinos Pontos (the Black Sea) from Mount Theches (Θήχης) near Trebizond, after participating in Cyrus the Younger's failed march against the Persian Empire in the year 401 BC. The mountain was only a five-day march away from the friendly coastal city Trapezus.
Xenophon made use of ekdromoi during the march of the Ten Thousand against the numerous enemies disrupting the Greek columns, as is multiple times attested in his work, The Anabasis. See also [ edit ]
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related to: march of the ten thousand