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The greatest common divisor (GCD) of integers a and b, at least one of which is nonzero, is the greatest positive integer d such that d is a divisor of both a and b; that is, there are integers e and f such that a = de and b = df, and d is the largest such integer.
The Euclidean algorithm calculates the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two natural numbers a and b.The greatest common divisor g is the largest natural number that divides both a and b without leaving a remainder.
Starting from two polynomials a and b, Euclid's algorithm consists of recursively replacing the pair (a, b) by (b, rem(a, b)) (where "rem(a, b)" denotes the remainder of the Euclidean division, computed by the algorithm of the preceding section), until b = 0. The GCD is the last non zero remainder.
In arithmetic and computer programming, the extended Euclidean algorithm is an extension to the Euclidean algorithm, and computes, in addition to the greatest common divisor (gcd) of integers a and b, also the coefficients of Bézout's identity, which are integers x and y such that
Furthermore, if b 1, b 2 are both coprime with a, then so is their product b 1 b 2 (i.e., modulo a it is a product of invertible elements, and therefore invertible); [6] this also follows from the first point by Euclid's lemma, which states that if a prime number p divides a product bc, then p divides at least one of the factors b, c.
The positive integers may be partially ordered by divisibility: if a divides b (that is, if b is an integer multiple of a) write a ≤ b (or equivalently, b ≥ a). (Note that the usual magnitude-based definition of ≤ is not used here.) Under this ordering, the positive integers become a lattice, with meet given by the gcd and join given by ...
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Visualisation of using the binary GCD algorithm to find the greatest common divisor (GCD) of 36 and 24. Thus, the GCD is 2 2 × 3 = 12.. The binary GCD algorithm, also known as Stein's algorithm or the binary Euclidean algorithm, [1] [2] is an algorithm that computes the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two nonnegative integers.