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In elementary algebra, the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial.According to the theorem, the power (+) expands into a polynomial with terms of the form , where the exponents and are nonnegative integers satisfying + = and the coefficient of each term is a specific positive integer ...
The binomial coefficients can be arranged to form Pascal's triangle, in which each entry is the sum of the two immediately above. Visualisation of binomial expansion up to the 4th power. In mathematics, the binomial coefficients are the positive integers that occur as coefficients in the binomial theorem.
The binomial approximation for the square root, + + /, can be applied for the following expression, + where and are real but .. The mathematical form for the binomial approximation can be recovered by factoring out the large term and recalling that a square root is the same as a power of one half.
Via the binomial theorem expansion, for even , the formula returns . This is expected as one can prove that the number of leaves of a binary tree are one more than the number of its internal nodes, so the total sum should always be an odd number. For odd , however, we get
In mathematics, Kummer's theorem is a formula for the exponent of the highest power of a prime number p that divides a given binomial coefficient. In other words, it gives the p-adic valuation of a binomial coefficient. The theorem is named after Ernst Kummer, who proved it in a paper, (Kummer 1852).
In mathematics, Pascal's triangle is an infinite triangular array of the binomial coefficients which play a crucial role in probability theory, combinatorics, and algebra.In much of the Western world, it is named after the French mathematician Blaise Pascal, although other mathematicians studied it centuries before him in Persia, [1] India, [2] China, Germany, and Italy.
In mathematics, Pascal's rule (or Pascal's formula) is a combinatorial identity about binomial coefficients.It states that for positive natural numbers n and k, + = (), where () is a binomial coefficient; one interpretation of the coefficient of the x k term in the expansion of (1 + x) n.
where the above convention for the coefficients of the polynomials agrees with the definition of the binomial coefficients, because both give zero for all i > m and j > n, respectively. By comparing coefficients of x r , Vandermonde's identity follows for all integers r with 0 ≤ r ≤ m + n .