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Nonylphenols are a family of closely related organic compounds composed of phenol bearing a 9 carbon-tail. Nonylphenols can come in numerous structures, all of which may be considered alkylphenols . They are used in manufacturing antioxidants , lubricating oil additives, laundry and dish detergents , emulsifiers , and solubilizers . [ 2 ]
Alkylphenols are xenoestrogens. [3] Long chain Alkylphenols have the most potent estrogenic activity. [3] The European Union has implemented sales and use restrictions on certain applications in which nonylphenols are used because of their alleged "toxicity, persistence, and the liability to bioaccumulate" but the United States EPA has taken a slower approach to make sure that action is based ...
The related nonylphenols with branched nonyl groups are commercially important detergents. It is used with mixed-metals stabilizers for heat stabilization of plastic and is a starting material for producing phenol resins. It's insoluble in water, but soluble in organic compounds like benzene and heptane. [1]
The following compounds are liquid at room temperature and are completely miscible with water; they are often used as solvents. Many of them are hygroscopic.
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/(100 mL)), unless shown otherwise. The substances are listed in alphabetical order.
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
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Structure—talk about nonylphenols and nonylphenol ethoxylates. Production. Uses. Detergents—laundry detergents, Occurrence in the environment. Water supplies—we will discuss how manufacturers release NPs and NPEs into the environment and how they subsequently enter water systems. Environmental Hazards. Aquatic toxicity. Health Hazards