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The GPON OMCI recommendation G.984.4 draws on G.983.2, which defines the BPON management model. However, G.984.4 removed all references to ATM. G.988 is a stand-alone OMCI recommendation and supersedes G.984.4 except for GPON specifics that are not defined in G.988. Future work on the PON management model is expected to appear only in the GPON ...
GPON networks have now been deployed in numerous networks across the globe, and the trends indicate higher growth in GPON than other PON technologies. G.987 defined 10G-PON in 2010 [15] with 10 Gbit/s downstream and 2.5 Gbit/s upstream – framing is "G-PON like" and designed to coexist with GPON devices on the same network. [16]
Competing WAN technologies (T1, ISDN) required a router on the customer premises. PPPoE used a different Ethernet frame type, which allowed the DSL hardware to function as simply a bridge, passing some frames to the WAN and ignoring the others. Implementation of such a bridge is multiple orders of magnitude simpler than a router.
At the time that the 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard was developed, interest in 10GbE as a wide area network (WAN) transport led to the introduction of a WAN PHY for 10GbE. The WAN PHY was designed to interoperate with OC-192/STM-64 SDH/SONET equipment using a light-weight SDH/SONET frame running at 9.953 Gbit/s.
An IP network is packet oriented; so if ATM is used as a core, packets must be encapsulated in cells and the destination address must be converted to a virtual circuit identifier. Some new types of optical fibre use a passive optical network subscriber loop such as GPON, with the edge device connecting to Ethernet for backhaul (telecommunications).
Transports an OC-768 or STM-256 signal or a 40 Gigabit Ethernet signal. [5] 32 16 4 3 1 1 0 0 OTU3e1/2 [6] 41 44.5 develop for transport of 10G LAN PHY, and one for 10G WAN PHY, over SDH and OTN. 32 16 4 3 1 1 0 0 OTU50 50 52.8 Transports a 50 Gigabit Ethernet signal 40 20 5 5 2 1 1 0 OTU4 100 111.8 Transports a 100 Gigabit Ethernet signal 80 ...
The textbook definition of a WAN is a computer network spanning regions, countries, or even the world. [3] [4] However, in terms of the application of communication protocols and concepts, it may be best to view WANs as computer networking technologies used to transmit data over long distances, and between different networks.
A residential gateway is a networking device used to connect devices in the home to the Internet or other wide area network (WAN). It is an umbrella term, used to cover multi-function networking appliances used in homes, which may combine a DSL modem or cable modem, a network switch, a consumer-grade router, and a wireless access point.