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Native heparin is a polymer with a molecular weight ranging from 3 to 30 kDa, although the average molecular weight of most commercial heparin preparations is in the range of 12 to 15 kDa. [60] Heparin is a member of the glycosaminoglycan family of carbohydrates (which includes the closely related molecule heparan sulfate ) and consists of a ...
For comparison, those with a V d L/kg body weight of less than 0.2 are mainly distributed in blood plasma, 0.2-0.7 mostly in the extracellular fluid and those with more than 0.7 are distributed throughout total body water.
Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is a class of anticoagulant medications. [1] They are used in the prevention of blood clots and, in the treatment of venous thromboembolism ( deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism ), and the treatment of myocardial infarction .
Reviparin is a low molecular weight heparin obtained by nitrous acid depolymerization of heparin extracted from porcine intestinal mucosa. Its structure is characterized, for the most part, by a group of 2-O-sulfo-α-lidopyranosuronic acid. The average molecular weight is about 3900 daltons.
Heparin is the most widely used intravenous clinical anticoagulant worldwide. [82] Heparin is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan. There are three major categories of heparin: unfractionated heparin (UFH), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and ultra-low-molecular weight heparin (ULMWH). [83]
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A 2021 review found that low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was superior to unfractionated heparin in the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism for people with cancer. [ 3 ] There are medication-based interventions and non-medication-based interventions. [ 4 ]
It exists in two main forms: an "unfractionated" form that can be injected under the skin (subcutaneously) or through an intravenous infusion, and a "low molecular weight" form that is generally given subcutaneously. Commonly used low molecular weight heparins are enoxaparin, dalteparin, nadroparin and tinzaparin. [5] [6]