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Congenital amputation is birth without a limb or limbs, or without a part of a limb or limbs.. It is known to be caused by blood clots forming in the fetus while in utero (vascular insult) and from amniotic band syndrome: fibrous bands of the amnion that constrict fetal limbs to such an extent that they fail to form or actually fall off due to missing blood supply.
Dysmelia (from the Greek dys (δυσ-), "bad" + mélos (μέλος), "limb" + English suffix -ia) is a congenital disorder of a limb resulting from a disturbance in embryonic development. [ 1 ] Types
Constriction ring syndrome (CRS) is a congenital disorder with unknown cause. Because of the unknown cause there are many different, and sometimes incorrect, names. It is a malformation due to intrauterine bands or rings that produce deep grooves in (most commonly distal) extremities such as fingers and toes.
Transverse hemimelia is a congenital absence of part or all of a limb (including hand or foot) and is called amelia when the entire limb is missing. [2] [4] Paraxial hemimelia means partial absence of one of the elements of the limb in the longitudinal axis (in phocomelia there is no complete absence of a part of the limb). [2]
Congenital limb deformities are congenital musculoskeletal disorders which primarily affect the upper and lower limbs. An example is polydactyly , where a foot or hand has more than 5 digits. Clubfoot , one of the most common congenital deformities of the lower limbs, occurs approximately 1 in 1000 births.
Amputation is the removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery.As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene.
Fibular hemimelia or longitudinal fibular deficiency is "the congenital absence of the fibula and it is the most common congenital absence of long bone of the extremities." [1] [2] It is the shortening of the fibula at birth, or the complete lack thereof. Fibular hemimelia often causes severe knee instability due to deficiencies of the ligaments.
Amelia is the birth defect of lacking one or more limbs. [1] [2] The term may be modified to indicate the number of legs or arms missing at birth, such as tetra-amelia for the absence of all four limbs.