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The Pagan Kingdom (Burmese: ပုဂံပြည်, pronounced [bəɡàɰ̃ kʰɪʔ], lit. ' Bagan State ' ; also known as the Pagan dynasty ; also Romanized Bagan ) was the first Burmese kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute modern-day Myanmar .
The Pagan "kingdom" Pyusawhti led was likely a small settlement among many other small settlements in the area. (The chronicles count 19 settlements.) In the 8th century, Pagan was not yet a city or even a city-state, let alone a "kingdom". The city was merely one of several competing city-states until the 10th century. [22]
Coifi, priest of the temple at Goodmanham in the Kingdom of Northumbria in 627; Dagalaifus, pagan of Germanic descent who served as consul in 366; Eadbald (died 640), king of Kent; Eanfrith (590–634), king of Bernicia from 633 to 634 who reverted to paganism after becoming king; Ecgric (died c. 636), East Anglian king of an independent kingdom
According to mainstream scholarship, Pyinbya is one of the earliest kings of Pagan, founded by the Mranma (Bamar / Burmans) of the Nanzhao Kingdom.Pagan is the first known Burman settlement in the Irrawaddy valley, following the devastating raids into upper Irrawaddy valley by Nanzhao that lasted from the 750s to the 830s.
Not only did he greatly expand the Pagan Kingdom but he also implemented a series of political and administrative reforms that enabled his empire to dominate the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery for another 250 years. Anawrahta's legacy went far beyond the borders of modern Burma.
Thamoddarit had a long reign at Pagan. In the 22nd year of his reign, in 149 CE, a young man by the name of Pyusawhti became famous by performing daring feats. According to Hmannan , Pyusawhti was a descendant of the Second Tagaung Dynasty , ultimately from the first (mythical) Buddhist king of the world, Maha Sammata .
In the 8th century, Pagan was not yet a city or even a city-state, let alone a "kingdom". Though the earliest human settlement at Pagan is radiocarbon dated to c. 650 CE, [11] mainstream scholarship holds that Pagan was founded only in the middle to late 9th century by the recently arrived Burman warriors and their families from Nanzhao. [12]
The Battle of Ngassaunggyan was the first of three decisive battles between the two empires, the others being the Battle of Bhamo in 1283 and the Battle of Pagan in 1287. By the end of these battles, the Yuan dynasty had conquered the entire Pagan Kingdom and installed a puppet government.