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The rule was later extended to cover cases where what is complained of is some internal irregularity in the operation of the company. However, the internal irregularity must be capable of being confirmed/sanctioned by the majority. The rule in Foss v Harbottle has another important implication.
Kenneth May proved that the simple majority rule is the only "fair" ordinal decision rule, in that majority rule does not let some votes count more than others or privilege an alternative by requiring fewer votes to pass. Formally, majority rule is the only decision rule that has the following properties: [9] [10]
"The exception that proves the rule" is a saying whose meaning is contested. Henry Watson Fowler's Modern English Usage identifies five ways in which the phrase has been used, [1] and each use makes some sort of reference to the role that a particular case or event takes in relation to a more general rule.
Under RONR, the requirements for changing a previous action are greater than those for taking the action in the first place. [15] A motion to rescind, repeal or annul or amend something already (previously) adopted, for instance, requires a two-thirds vote, a majority with previous notice, or a majority of the entire membership.
A two-party system is most common under plurality voting.Voters typically cast one vote per race. Maurice Duverger argued there were two main mechanisms by which plurality voting systems lead to fewer major parties: (i) small parties are disincentivized to form because they have great difficulty winning seats or representation, and (ii) voters are wary of voting for a smaller party whose ...
The filibuster is a term used frequently by people in Washington, but few Americans understand it, at least according to recent polling.The procedural tactic has been used by Democrats and ...
Justice Samuel Alito called it a “wisp” of a decision — a Supreme Court ruling Thursday that favored Catholic Social Services in Philadelphia but was far from the constitutional gale wind ...
Thus, it is a stronger requirement than plurality (yet weaker than absolute majority). [4] [5] An absolute majority (also a majority) is a number of votes "greater than the number of votes that possibly can be obtained at the same time for any other solution", [a] when voting for multiple alternatives at a time [6] [b]