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  2. State-space representation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-space_representation

    The transfer function coefficients can also be used to construct another type of canonical form ˙ = [] + [] () = [] (). This state-space realization is called observable canonical form because the resulting model is guaranteed to be observable (i.e., because the output exits from a chain of integrators, every state has an effect on the output).

  3. Transfer function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_function

    The transfer function of a two-port electronic circuit, such as an amplifier, might be a two-dimensional graph of the scalar voltage at the output as a function of the scalar voltage applied to the input; the transfer function of an electromechanical actuator might be the mechanical displacement of the movable arm as a function of electric ...

  4. First-order hold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order_hold

    First-order hold (FOH) is a mathematical model of the practical reconstruction of sampled signals that could be done by a conventional digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and an analog circuit called an integrator. For FOH, the signal is reconstructed as a piecewise linear approximation to the original signal that was sampled.

  5. Closed-loop transfer function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-loop_transfer_function

    The closed-loop transfer function is measured at the output. The output signal can be calculated from the closed-loop transfer function and the input signal. Signals may be waveforms, images, or other types of data streams. An example of a closed-loop block diagram, from which a transfer function may be computed, is shown below:

  6. Proportional–integral–derivative controller - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional–integral...

    One way to determine the parameters for the first-order process is using the 63.2% method. In this method, the process gain ( k p ) is equal to the change in output divided by the change in input. The dead time θ is the amount of time between when the step change occurred and when the output first changed.

  7. Transfer function matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_function_matrix

    In control system theory, and various branches of engineering, a transfer function matrix, or just transfer matrix is a generalisation of the transfer functions of single-input single-output (SISO) systems to multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems. [1] The matrix relates the outputs of the system to its inputs.

  8. Infinite impulse response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_impulse_response

    The bilinear transform is a first-order approximation of the natural logarithm function that is an exact mapping of the z-plane to the s-plane. When the Laplace transform is performed on a discrete-time signal (with each element of the discrete-time sequence attached to a correspondingly delayed unit impulse), the result is precisely the Z ...

  9. Simulink - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulink

    Simulink is a MATLAB-based graphical programming environment for modeling, simulating and analyzing multidomain dynamical systems. Its primary interface is a graphical block diagramming tool and a customizable set of block libraries .