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The monarchy of Greece was created by the London Conference of 1832 at which the First Hellenic Republic was abolished. [citation needed] The Greek crown was originally offered to Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha but he declined, later being elected the king of the Belgians.
Following Greece's independence from the Ottoman Empire (1821–1829) and the establishment of a monarchy in 1832, a coronation ceremony based on Byzantine tradition was contemplated for the newly crowned sovereign, Otto I, and regalia were crafted for the planned event, which was scheduled to take place upon the king's coming of age (1835).
The forms of the Republic were maintained until the final collapse of the junta in July 1974 and the transitional period that followed (i.e. monarchy was not restored), and on 8 December 1974, another referendum was held, in which the Greek people confirmed the abolition of the monarchy, and the establishment of the current Third Hellenic Republic.
A military coup d'état restored the monarchy in 1935 and Greece became a kingdom again until 1973. [ note 1 ] [ note 2 ] The kingdom was finally dissolved in the aftermath of a seven-year military dictatorship (1967–1974) and the Third Hellenic Republic was established following a referendum held in 1974.
Greece: 1920 Greek referendum: 22 November 1920 monarchy restored - - Constantine I returned to the throne [8] Greece: 1924 Greek republic referendum: 13 April 1924 monarchy abolished 69.98 30.02 On 25 March 1924 the Second Hellenic Republic was proclaimed [9] Greece: 1935 Greek monarchy referendum: 3 November 1935 monarchy restored 2.1 97.9
Ioannis Kapodistrias. On his arrival, Kapodistrias launched a major reform and modernisation programme that covered all areas. He re-established military unity by bringing an end to the second phase of the civil war; re-organised the military, which was then able to reconquer territory lost to the Ottoman military during the civil wars; and introduced the first modern quarantine system in ...
As member of both the EU and the Union for the Mediterranean, Greece is a key player in the eastern Mediterranean region and has encouraged the collaboration between neighbors, as well as promoting the Energy Triangle, for gas exports to Europe. Greece also has the largest economy in the Balkans, where it is an important regional investor.
The referendum campaign included television debates in which King Constantine himself took part on the monarchist side, and those debating in favour of the republic included Marios Ploritis, Leonidas Kyrkos, Phaedon Vegleris, George Koumandos, Alexandros Panagoulis and Costas Simitis, who later (from 1996 to 2004) served as Prime Minister of Greece.