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  2. Total disc replacement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_Disc_Replacement

    The second disc replacement to achieve wide clinical use was the prodisc total disc replacement; it continues to have worldwide use today. Designed by French orthopedic spine surgeon Thiery Marnay, M.D., in the late 1980s, early implantations of the prodisc device began in 1990, with a 7-11 year follow-up published in 2005.

  3. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_cervical...

    Anterior cervical discectomy. The neurosurgeon or orthopedic surgeon enters the space between two discs through a small incision in front (= anterior) of and at the right or left side of the neck. The disc is completely removed, as well as arthritic bone spurs. The disc material, pressing on the spinal nerve or spinal cord, is then completely ...

  4. Discectomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discectomy

    A discectomy (also called open discectomy, if done through a 1/2 inch or larger skin opening) is the surgical removal of abnormal disc material that presses on a nerve root or the spinal cord. The procedure involves removing a portion of an intervertebral disc, which causes pain, weakness or numbness by stressing the spinal cord or radiating ...

  5. Spinal fusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_fusion

    Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a surgery performed by orthopaedic surgeons or neurosurgeons that joins two or more vertebrae. [1] This procedure can be performed at any level in the spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral) and prevents any movement between the fused vertebrae.

  6. Degenerative disc disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerative_disc_disease

    Intervertebral disc arthroplasty: also called Artificial Disc Replacement (ADR), or Total Disc Replacement (TDR), is a type of arthroplasty. It is a surgical procedure in which degenerated intervertebral discs in the spinal column are replaced with artificial ones in the lumbar (lower) or cervical (upper) spine.

  7. Failed back syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_back_syndrome

    Lumbar total disc replacement was originally designed to be an alternative to lumbar arthrodesis (fusion). The procedure was met with great excitement and heightened expectations both in the United States and Europe. In late 2004, the first lumbar total disc replacement received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). More ...

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