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Blood tests may show impaired kidney function (elevated urea or creatinine) or electrolyte imbalances such as hyponatremia or hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Urinalysis may indicate an elevated pH due to the secondary destruction of nephrons within the affected kidney, which impairs acid excretion. Physical examination in a thin patient may ...
Hindi-Urdu, also known as Hindustani, has three noun cases (nominative, oblique, and vocative) [1] [2] and five pronoun cases (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, and oblique). The oblique case in pronouns has three subdivisions: Regular, Ergative , and Genitive .
The surface of the kidney has a pelvic recess and one or more transverse cortical grooves, presumed to be a failed formation of a renal lobe. The renal parenchyma next to the hypoplastic part of the kidney is seemingly normal; however, it can undergo hypertrophy, making the grooves more noticeable. [citation needed]
Greater than 5 cm transverse dimension [6] Heart: Cardiomegaly: Medical imaging: Indicated by cardiothoracic ratio over 0.5. [7] Autopsy: Cardiomegaly has been suggested when the heart weighs more than >399 grams in women and >449 grams in men. [8] Large intestine: Dilation Upper limit of normal range of diameter: [9] Cecum: 10.5 cm; Ascending ...
The kidney is surrounded by a capsule separating the kidney from the echogenic perirenal fat, which is seen as a thin linear structure. [1] The kidney is divided into parenchyma and renal sinus. The renal sinus is hyperechoic and is composed of calyces, the renal pelvis, fat and the major intrarenal vessels.
Nephrology (from Ancient Greek nephros 'kidney' and -logy 'the study of') is a specialty for both adult internal medicine and pediatric medicine that concerns the study of the kidneys, specifically normal kidney function (renal physiology) and kidney disease (renal pathophysiology), the preservation of kidney health, and the treatment of kidney disease, from diet and medication to renal ...
[1] [2] The name derives from the fact that, in the sagittal plane and/or transverse plane, the SMA and AA (with some imagination) appear to be a nutcracker crushing a nut (the renal vein). There is a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria are not well defined, which frequently results in delayed or incorrect diagnosis. [1]
The three anatomical planes of the body: the sagittal, transverse (or horizontal), frontal planes. Anatomy is often described in planes, referring to two-dimensional sections of the body. A section is a two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut. A plane is an imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through ...