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Preoperative fasting is the practice of a surgical patient abstaining from eating or drinking ("nothing by mouth") for some time before having an operation.This is intended to prevent stomach contents from getting into the windpipe and lungs (known as a pulmonary aspiration) while the patient is under general anesthesia. [1]
Clear liquid fasting includes water, juices without pulp, carbonated beverages, clear tea, and black coffee. [4] Ingestion of water 2 hours prior to a procedure results in smaller gastric volumes and higher gastric pH when compared with those who ingested > 4 hours prior. The volume of liquid is less important than the type of liquid ingested. [4]
There is limited evidence that intermittent fasting produces weight loss comparable to a calorie-restricted diet. [5] [6] [33] [34] Most studies on intermittent fasting in humans have observed weight loss, ranging from 2.5% to 9.9%. [35] [36] The reductions in body weight can be attributed to the loss of fat mass and some lean mass.
A 2020 study found that the DASH diet helped a group of people 65 and older struggling with obesity reduce body fat while a 2021 meta-analysis conducted by the National Institute of Health (NIH ...
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“If you're aiming to maintain your lean body mass while losing weight, the higher end of 2.0g/kg of weight is recommended. Protein provides satiety and helps maintain muscle mass during weight ...
Fasting guidelines often restrict the intake of any oral fluid 2-6 hours preoperatively, but in a large retrospective analysis in Torbay Hospital, unrestricted clear oral fluids until transfer to theatre could significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting without an increased risk in the adverse outcomes for which such ...
Typical observed weight loss under prolonged fasting averages at 0.9 kg per day during the first week and 0.3 kg per day by the third week. [14] In early fasting, during periods of high gluconeogenesis, roughly two-thirds of weight lost is lean muscle mass as opposed to fat.