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The movement of charge between the Earth's surface, the atmosphere, and the ionosphere is known as the global atmospheric electrical circuit. Atmospheric electricity is an interdisciplinary topic with a long history, involving concepts from electrostatics , atmospheric physics , meteorology and Earth science .
Lightning is a natural phenomenon formed by electrostatic discharges through the atmosphere between two electrically charged regions, either both in the atmosphere or one in the atmosphere and one on the ground, temporarily neutralizing these in a near-instantaneous release of an average of between 200 megajoules and 7 gigajoules of energy, depending on the type.
Representation of upper-atmospheric lightning and electrical-discharge phenomena Discovery image of a TLE on Jupiter by the NASA Juno probe. [1]Upper-atmospheric lightning and ionospheric lightning are terms sometimes used by researchers to refer to a family of short-lived electrical-breakdown phenomena that occur well above the altitudes of normal lightning and storm clouds.
The earliest known report is by Toynbee and Mackenzie in 1886. [3] Nobel laureate C. T. R. Wilson had suggested in 1925, on theoretical grounds, that electrical breakdown could occur in the upper atmosphere, and in 1956 he witnessed what possibly could have been a sprite.
Hetero charge means that the polarity of the space charge is opposite to that of neighboring electrode, and homo charge is the reverse situation. Under high voltage application, a hetero charge near the electrode is expected to reduce the breakdown voltage, whereas a homo charge will increase it.
2025 will be full of new beginnings, change, and lots of astrological transits. Ahead, an astrologer shares her month-by-month breakdown of major zodiac events.
The legal team behind Mike Jeffries, arrested earlier this year on sex trafficking charges, has requested a hearing to determine his fitness to stand trial. Ex-Abercrombie & Fitch CEO has dementia ...
Western Sky Financial, a South-Dakota-based online lender that's become infamous for its sky-high interest rates, is finally being sued. New York State Attorney General Eric T. Schneiderman ...