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This is a free rotation only in the simplest cases like gaseous methyl chloride CH 3 Cl. In most molecules, the remainder R breaks the C ∞ symmetry of the R−C axis and creates a potential V(φ) that restricts the free motion of the three protons. For the model case of ethane CH 3 CH 3, this is discussed under the name ethane barrier. In ...
In organic chemistry and organometallic chemistry, carbon–hydrogen bond activation (C−H activation) is a type of organic reaction in which a carbon–hydrogen bond is cleaved and replaced with a C−X bond (X ≠ H is typically a main group element, like carbon, oxygen, or nitrogen).
In one important reaction type, a main group organometallic compound of the type R-M (where R = organic group, M = main group centre metal atom) reacts with an organic halide of the type R'-X with formation of a new carbon-carbon bond in the product R-R'. The most common type of coupling reaction is the cross coupling reaction. [1] [2] [3]
β-Hydride elimination is a reaction in which an alkyl group bonded to a metal centre is converted into the corresponding metal-bonded hydride and an alkene. [1] The alkyl must have hydrogens on the β-carbon. For instance butyl groups can undergo this reaction but methyl groups cannot.
This reaction is canonically known as the GGCG (Grignard-Grisius-Cormas-Gilman) reaction scheme. In this aspect, they are similar to organolithium reagents. Grignard reagents are rarely isolated as solids. Instead, they are normally handled as solutions in solvents such as diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran using air-free techniques.
In radical disproportionation reactions one molecule acts as an acceptor while the other molecule acts as a donor. [2] In the most common disproportionation reactions, a hydrogen atom is taken, or abstracted by the acceptor as the donor molecule undergoes an elimination reaction to form a double bond. [3]
Under controlled conditions, the reaction can be stopped to give methylaluminoxane: AlMe 3 + H 2 O → 1/n [AlMeO] n + 2 CH 4. Alcoholysis and aminolysis reactions proceed comparably. For example, dimethylamine gives the dialuminium diamide dimer: [7] 2 AlMe 3 + 2 HNMe 2 → [AlMe 2 NMe 2] 2 + 2 CH 4
An aldol condensation is a condensation reaction in organic chemistry in which two carbonyl moieties (of aldehydes or ketones) react to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone (an aldol reaction), and this is then followed by dehydration to give a conjugated enone. The overall reaction equation is as follows (where the Rs can be H)