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In the United States, this rule still exists at common law. However, the Uniform Commercial Code ("UCC") dispenses with it in § 2-207 (but it can also be argued that § 2-207(1) enforces the mirror image rule). [6] Therefore, its applicability depends upon what law governs. Most states have adopted the UCC, which governs transactions in goods.
Mirror image rule, counter offer, standard form contracts Butler Machine Tool Co Ltd v Ex-Cell-O Corp (England) Ltd [1977] EWCA Civ 9 [ 1 ] is a leading English contract law case. It concerns the problem found among some large businesses, with each side attempting to get their preferred standard form agreements to be the basis for a contract.
Lucy v. Zehmer, 196 Va. 493; 84 S.E.2d 516 (1954) was a court case in the Supreme Court of Virginia about the enforceability of a contract based on outward appearance of the agreement. It is commonly taught in first-year contract law classes at American law schools.
Common law contracts are accepted under a "mirror image" rule. [29] Under this rule, an acceptance must be an absolute and unqualified acceptance of all the terms of the offer. If there is any variation, even on an unimportant point, between the offer and the terms of its acceptance, there is no contract.
A bilateral contract is created when there is an exchange of promises between at least two parties. [11] Under the mirror image rule, the terms of the final contract are those stated in the offer, that is, the first promise. The offeree must accept the offer as a whole without any variation, otherwise the acceptance will become invalid.
Contract law; Formation; Capacity; Offer and acceptance; Meeting of the minds 2; Abstraction principle 4,5; Posting rule 1; Mirror image rule; Invitation to treat; Firm offer; Consideration 1,4; Implication-in-fact; Collateral contract; Defences; Misrepresentation; Mistake; Threats and unequal bargaining power; Illegality and public policy ...
The Uniform Commercial Code ("UCC") dispenses with the mirror image rule in § 2-207. [3] UCC § 2-207(1) provides that a "definite and seasonable expression of acceptance...operates as" an acceptance, even though it varies the terms of the original offer.
The title-transfer theory of contract (TTToC) is a legal interpretation of contracts developed by economist Murray Rothbard and jurist Williamson Evers. The theory interprets all contractual obligations in terms of property rights , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] viewing a contract as a bundle of title transfers.