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Rose spots on the abdomen of a man with typhoid fever. Paratyphoid fever resembles typhoid fever. Infection is characterized by a sustained fever, headache, abdominal pain, malaise, anorexia, a nonproductive cough (in early stage of illness), a relative bradycardia (slow heart rate), and hepatosplenomegaly (an enlargement of the liver and ...
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella typhi. [2] [3] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. [4] [5] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. [4]
In 2000, typhoid fever caused an estimated 21.7 million illnesses and 217,000 deaths. [1] It occurs most often in children and young adults between 5 and 19 years old. [2] In 2013, it resulted in about 161,000 deaths – down from 181,000 in 1990. [3]
Enteric fever is a medical term encompassing two types of salmonellosis, which, specifically, are typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever. [1] Enteric fever is a potentially life-threatening acute febrile systemic infection and is diagnosed by isolating a pathogen on culture.
Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. [ 37 ] In Canada alone, the typhus epidemic of 1847 killed more than 20,000 people from 1847 to 1848, mainly Irish immigrants in fever sheds and other forms of quarantine, who had contracted the disease aboard the crowded coffin ships in fleeing the Great Irish Famine .
Typhoid vaccines are vaccines that prevent typhoid fever. [1] [2] [3] Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Ty21a (a live oral vaccine) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViPS) (an injectable subunit vaccine). They are about 30 to 70% effective in the first two years, depending on the specific vaccine in ...
The chlorination of public drinking water led to the sharp reduction of typhoid in developed nations. [8] In typhoid-endemic countries, Typhoid vaccines have been shown to prevent 40 to 90% of cases during the first two years, [ 9 ] and may have some effect for up to seven years.
The incubation period of about 24 hours is followed by intense watery or bloody diarrhea accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and sometimes a fever.Symptoms typically resolve within 72 hours, but can persist for up to 10 days in immunocompromised individuals.
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