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One of the major improvements the PCI Local Bus had over other I/O architectures was its configuration mechanism. In addition to the normal memory-mapped and I/O port spaces, each device function on the bus has a configuration space, which is 256 bytes long, addressable by knowing the eight-bit PCI bus, five-bit device, and three-bit function numbers for the device (commonly referred to as the ...
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) [3] is a local computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer and is part of the PCI Local Bus standard. The PCI bus supports the functions found on a processor bus but in a standardized format that is independent of any given processor's native bus.
Example of a klm digital I/O expansion card using a large square chip from PLX Technology to handle the PCI bus interface PCI expansion slot Altair 8800b from March 1976 with an 18-slot S-100 backplane which housed both the Intel 8080 mainboard and many expansion boards Rack of IBM Standard Modular System expansion cards in an IBM 1401 computer using a 16-pin gold plated edge connector first ...
CPU cards are specified by CPU clock frequency and bus type as well as other features and applications built into the card. CPU cards include Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) cards, modular PC Cards , Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) cards, PCI extensions for instrumentation ( PXI ) cards and embedded technology extended (ETX) cards.
In servers, height for expansion cards is limited by rack units. A unit (U) is the traditional measurement used for server height. One server unit is equal to 1.75", 2U servers are 3.5", and so forth. Traditional 1U riser cards each fit 1 PCI slot, and 2U riser cards can fit 2 or 3 PCI slots, depending on whether they obstruct access to any PCI ...
PCI-X, short for Peripheral Component Interconnect eXtended, is a computer bus and expansion card standard that enhances the 32-bit PCI local bus for higher bandwidth demanded mostly by servers and workstations. It uses a modified protocol to support higher clock speeds (up to 133 MHz), but is otherwise similar in electrical implementation.
E-ATX is similar to XL-ATX in that it is larger than ATX and is also loosely defined. Unlike XL-ATX, E-ATX motherboards and cases are still in production (as of 2020), and support quad-channel memory across 8 slots of ram, up to 4 PCI-e expansion slots for up to 4 double slot graphics cards and a single CPU such as the AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3990X.
See also References External links A Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) A dedicated video bus standard introduced by INTEL enabling 3D graphics capabilities; commonly present on an AGP slot on the motherboard. (Presently a historical expansion card standard, designed for attaching a video card to a computer's motherboard (and considered high-speed at launch, one of the last off-chip parallel ...
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