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HIV in pregnancy is the presence of an HIV/AIDS infection in a woman while she is pregnant. There is a risk of HIV transmission from mother to child in three primary situations: pregnancy, childbirth, and while breastfeeding.
A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by pathogenic bacteria or viruses that use mother-to-child transmission, that is, transmission directly from the mother to an embryo, fetus, or baby during pregnancy or childbirth. It can occur when the mother has a pre-existing disease or becomes infected during pregnancy. Nutritional ...
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [8] [9] [10] is a retrovirus [11] that attacks the immune system.It is a preventable disease. [5] There is no vaccine or cure for HIV. It can be managed with treatment and become a manageable chronic health condition. [5]
Hepatitis B is an enveloped, double stranded DNA virus that is spread by exposure to blood, with the main modes of transmission are blood, sexual transmission, or perinatal. During pregnancy, acute hepatitis B infection can result in increased risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight and increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Women can transmit the HIV/AIDS virus to other women through sexual intercourse. [14] However, the U.S. does not statistically categorize HIV/AIDS transmission in forms other than heterosexual, intravenous drug, or indefinable transmission. [3] Due to lack of research, statistics on women-to-women transmission of HIV is unknown. [15]
In countries where HIV/AIDS rates are high, such as South Africa and Kenya, the virus is a leading cause of maternal mortality, especially in mothers who breastfeed. [93] A complication is that many HIV-infected mothers cannot afford formula, and thus have no way of preventing transmission to the child through breast milk or avoiding health ...
Many of you have probably heard of a particular irresponsible behavior with dogs, known as backyard breeding, that typically occurs at home, often in inadequate conditions and without regard for a ...
Breastfeeding by HIV-infected mothers is the practice of breastfeeding of HIV-infected mothers and include those who may want to or are currently breastfeeding. HIV can be transmitted to the infant through breastfeeding. [1] The risk of transmission varies and depends on the viral load in the mother's milk. [2]