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In 1987, the UICC and AJCC staging systems were unified into the single TNM staging system. TNM is a notation system that describes the stage of a cancer, which originates from a solid tumor, using alphanumeric codes: T describes the size of the original (primary) tumor and whether it has invaded nearby tissue,
A tumor marker is a biomarker that can be used to indicate the presence of cancer or the behavior of cancers (measure progression or response to therapy).
The primary oocyte is defined by its process of ootidogenesis, which is meiosis. [2] It has duplicated its DNA, so that each chromosome has two chromatids, i.e. 92 chromatids all in all (4C). When meiosis I is completed, one secondary oocyte and one polar body is created. Primary oocytes have been created in late fetal life.
Oogenesis starts with the process of developing primary oocytes, which occurs via the transformation of oogonia into primary [oocyte]s, a process called oocytogenesis. [11] From one single oogonium, only one mature oocyte will rise, with 3 other cells called polar bodies. Oocytogenesis is complete either before or shortly after birth.
In oocytes, a unique quality control system has evolved that eliminates by apoptosis those oocytes in which chromosomes do not align correctly, or in which chromosomes cannot be repaired. [16] This monitoring system is conserved from fruit flies and nematodes to humans, and central to this system is the p53 protein family and, in vertebrates in ...
An oocyte (/ ˈ oʊ ə s aɪ t /, oöcyte, or ovocyte is a female gametocyte or germ cell involved in reproduction. In other words, it is an immature ovum, or egg cell. An oocyte is produced in a female fetus in the ovary during female gametogenesis. The female germ cells produce a primordial germ cell (PGC), which then undergoes mitosis ...
Ovarian stem cells are oocytes formed in ovarian follicle before birth in female mammals. They do not form post-natally , and are depleted throughout reproductive life. [ 1 ] In humans it is estimated that 500,000–1,000,000 primordial follicles are present at birth, decreasing rapidly with age until roughly age 51 when ovulation stops ...
There is a positive correlation with Chk1 expression and tumor grade and disease recurrence suggesting Chk1 may promote tumor growth. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 15 ] Chk1 is essential for cell survival and through high levels of expressions in tumors the function may be inducing tumor cell proliferation.