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In aviation, the turn and slip indicator (T/S, a.k.a. turn and bank indicator) and the turn coordinator (TC) variant are essentially two aircraft flight instruments in one device. One indicates the rate of turn, or the rate of change in the aircraft's heading; the other part indicates whether the aircraft is in coordinated flight , showing the ...
The cockpit of a Slingsby T-67 Firefly two-seat light airplane.The flight instruments are visible on the left of the instrument panel. Flight instruments are the instruments in the cockpit of an aircraft that provide the pilot with data about the flight situation of that aircraft, such as altitude, airspeed, vertical speed, heading and much more other crucial information in flight.
Standard rate turn is a standardized rate at which the aircraft will make a 360 degree turn in two minutes (120 seconds). Standard rate turn is indicated on turn coordinator or turn-slip indicator. All turns during flights under instrument rules shall be made at standard turn rate, but no more than 30 degrees of bank.
A standard rate turn is defined as a 3° per second turn, which completes a 360° turn in 2 minutes. This is known as a 2-minute turn, or rate one (180°/min). Fast airplanes, or aircraft on certain precision approaches, use a half standard rate ('rate half' in some countries), but the definition of standard rate does not change.
The turn coordinator (or turn indicator) has index marks for a standard rate turn. A quick formula for bank angle to effect a standard rate turn is: 15% of airspeed (in knots) = bank angle. For 90 Kt. bank angle = about 13.5 deg. For 120 Kt. vabk angle = 18 deg. The AI is used to set bank to a specific angle, then the turn coordinator is used ...
The protections and augmentations are: bank angle protection, turn compensation, stall protection, over-speed protection, pitch control, stability augmentation and thrust asymmetry compensation. The design philosophy is: "to inform the pilot that the command being given would put the aircraft outside of its normal operating envelope, but the ...
The yaw string (red wool) on the canopy and the turn and bank indicator (top center of the instrument panel) both show the glider is not in coordinated flight. The glider is slipping slightly nose-left. Coordinated flight can be restored by the pilot applying pressure to the right rudder pedal. The Türk Yıldızları performing a coordinated turn.
Displayed data symbology of a head-up display. Typical aircraft HUDs display airspeed, altitude, a horizon line, heading, turn/bank and slip/skid indicators. These instruments are the minimum required by 14 CFR Part 91. [13] Other symbols and data are also available in some HUDs: