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A formal system of equalization payments was first introduced in 1957. [7] [ Notes 1]. The original program had the goal of giving each province the same per-capita revenue as the two wealthiest provinces, Ontario and British Columbia, in three tax bases: personal income taxes, corporate income taxes and succession duties (inheritance taxes).
Unlike Equalization payments, which can be spent however the receiving provinces sees fit, the funds received as part of the Canada Health Transfer must be used by provinces and territories for the purposes of "maintaining the national criteria" for publicly provided health care in Canada as set out in the Canada Health Act.
Equalization payments do not, technically, involve wealthy provinces making payments to poor provinces, although in practice this is what happens, via the federal treasury. As an example, a wealthy citizen in New Brunswick, a so-called "have not" province, pays more into equalization than a poorer citizen in Alberta, a so-called "have" province.
A table listing total GDP (expenditure-based), share of Canadian GDP, population, and per capita GDP in 2023. For illustrative purposes, market income (total income less government transfers) [1] per capita from tax returns is included. (The per capita, rather than per tax filer, measure is chosen for comparability with GDP per capita.)
income from certain international organizations of which Canada is a member, such as the United Nations and its agencies; war disability pensions; RCMP pensions or compensation paid in respect of injury, disability, or death; [Note 1] income of First Nations, if situated on a reserve; capital gain on the sale of a taxpayer's principal residence;
provincial personal income taxes on behalf of all provinces except Quebec, through a system of unified tax returns. corporate taxes on behalf of all provinces except Quebec and Alberta. that portion of the Harmonized Sales Tax that is in excess of the federal Goods and Services Tax (GST) rate, with respect to the provinces that have implemented it.
Successive Alberta governments and popular opinion in the province have decried the equalization formula, noting that Alberta has not received funding under the equalization program since 1965. [7] The current equalization formula was implemented shortly after Stephen Harper 's Conservative Party of Canada formed a minority government after the ...
Canada Health Transfer payments by year since FY2005. Unlike Equalization payments, which are unconditional, the CHT is a block transfer; the funds must be used by provinces and territories for the purposes of "maintaining the national criteria" for publicly provided health care in Canada (as set out in the Canada Health Act).