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From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" (German: Jeder nach seinen Fähigkeiten, jedem nach seinen Bedürfnissen) is a slogan popularised by Karl Marx in his 1875 Critique of the Gotha Programme. [1] [2] The principle refers to free access to and distribution of goods, capital and services. [3]
The French socialist Saint-Simonists of the 1820s and 1830s used slogans such as, "from each according to his ability, to each ability according to its work" [3] or, "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his works.” [4] Other examples of this can be found from Ferdinand Lassalle's and Eugen Dühring's statements to Leon ...
It is notable also for elucidating the principles of "To each according to his contribution" as the basis for a "lower phase" of communist society directly following the transition from capitalism and "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" as the basis for a future "higher phase" of communist society.
The slogan "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" refers to distributive justice in Marxism according to Karl Marx. [20] In Marxism-Leninism according to Vladimir Lenin the slogan "He who does not work, neither shall he eat" is a necessary approach to distributive justice on the path towards a communist society. [21]
Everyone should do according to his abilities and capabilities, to serve the country and the society as a whole. Also, everyone should receive "his own" (e.g., rights) and not be deprived of "his own" (e.g., property) (433e). The Roman author, orator and politician Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 BC – 43 BC) popularised the Latin phrase:
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Marx summarized his system with the slogan, "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs." [94] This phrasing used to formulate the principles of communism is borrowed from earlier socialist political activists such as August Becker and Louis Blanc. [95] [96] [97]
In translating "Jeder nach seinen Fähigkeiten, jedem nach seinen Bedürfnissen" from German to English, I might get "Everyone after his skills, each after his needs", "Everyone according to their abilities, each according to his needs", or "Everyone according to their skills, everyone according to their needs".