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Byzantine cross-crosslet A Byzantine cross variant seen on several coins and artifacts of the Late Macedonian, Doukas, and Early Komnenos dynasties of the Byzantine Empire (c.950–1092). Combines aspects of the Patriarchal cross, Greek cross, and Calvary cross into a unique variation that may have inspired the later Jerusalem cross. Canterbury ...
The cross is made from gold and enamel, and measures approximately 4.3 by 2.9 by 0–3 centimetres (1.7 in × 1.1 in × 0.0 in–1.2 in). One side of the cross depicts Christ on the cross, and on the other side, Christ as judge with Mary and John the Baptist, as well as the two Greek Orthodox saints Basil of Caesarea and John Chrysostom. [2]
Sometimes the patriarchal cross has a short, slanted crosspiece near its foot (Russian Orthodox cross). This slanted, lower crosspiece often appears in Byzantine Greek and Eastern European iconography , as well as in other Eastern Orthodox churches [ citation needed ] .
In the late Byzantine period, pseudo-Kodinos records the use of the Palaiologan "tetragrammatic cross" (see above) on the imperial ensign (Greek: βασιλικÏŒν φλάμουλον, basilikon phlamoulon) borne by Byzantine naval vessels, while the navy's commander, the megas doux, displayed an image of the emperor on horseback. [79]
The Russian Orthodox Cross (or just the Orthodox Cross by some Russian Orthodox traditions) [1] is a variation of the Christian cross since the 16th century in Russia, although it bears some similarity to a cross with a bottom crossbeam slanted the other way (upwards) found since the 6th century in the Byzantine Empire. The Russian Orthodox ...
An Ethiopian Orthodox bishop holding blessing and processional crosses.. In the Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite, the hand cross is kept on the Holy Table (altar) and used at certain moments during the liturgy, most noticeably at the dismissal when he holds it in his right hand as he gives the final blessing.
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