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  2. Vickers hardness test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickers_hardness_test

    The Vickers hardness test was developed in 1921 by Robert L. Smith and George E. Sandland at Vickers Ltd as an alternative to the Brinell method to measure the hardness of materials. [1] The Vickers test is often easier to use than other hardness tests since the required calculations are independent of the size of the indenter, and the indenter ...

  3. Knoop hardness test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoop_hardness_test

    The test was developed by Frederick Knoop [2] and colleagues at the National Bureau of Standards (now NIST) of the United States in 1939, and is defined by the ASTM E384 standard. The advantages of the test are that only a very small sample of material is required, and that it is valid for a wide range of test forces.

  4. Indentation hardness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indentation_hardness

    Microindentation hardness testing can be done using Vickers as well as Knoop indenters. For the Vickers test, both the diagonals are measured and the average value is used to compute the Vickers pyramid number. In the Knoop test, only the longer diagonal is measured, and the Knoop hardness is calculated based on the projected area of the indent ...

  5. Hardness comparison - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardness_comparison

    A variety of hardness-testing methods are available, including the Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell, Meyer and Leeb tests. Although it is impossible in many cases to give an exact conversion, it is possible to give an approximate material-specific comparison table for steels.

  6. Hardnesses of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardnesses_of_the_elements...

    Vickers hardness test; Brinell scale This page was last edited on 16 November 2024, at 12:16 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons ...

  7. Mechanical testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_Testing

    Hardness Testing. Vickers hardness test (HV), which has one of the widest scales; Brinell hardness test (HB) Knoop hardness test (HK), for measurement over small areas; Janka hardness test, for wood; Meyer hardness test; Rockwell hardness test (HR), principally used in the USA; Shore durometer hardness, used for polymers; Barcol hardness test ...

  8. Ceramography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramography

    The hardness of a material can be measured in many ways. The Knoop hardness test, a method of microindentation hardness, is the most reproducible for dense ceramics. The Vickers hardness test and superficial Rockwell scales (e.g., 45N) can also be used, but tend to cause more surface damage than Knoop. The Brinell test is suitable for ductile ...

  9. Superhard material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superhard_material

    Vickers test scheme An indentation left in case-hardened steel after a Vickers hardness test. The hardness of a material is directly related to its incompressibility, elasticity and resistance to change in shape. A superhard material has high shear modulus, high bulk modulus, and does not deform plastically. Ideally superhard materials should ...

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