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2. Larner–Johnson valve - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larner–Johnson_valve

   The pipe cross-section at the lower (downstream) part of the valve is reduced in section compared to that above the valve. By Bernoulli's principle, this increases the flow velocity of the water, thus reducing pressure. [i] If water pressure is bled away through a drain valve, obviously that will reduce its pressure too.

3. Pressure regulator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_regulator

   They differ from pressure reducing regulators in that the pressure reducing regulator controls downstream pressure and is insensitive to upstream pressure. [2] It is a normally-closed valve which may be installed in parallel with sensitive equipment or after the sensitive equipment to provide an obstruction to flow and thereby maintain upstream ...

4. Safety valve - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_valve

   A cross-section of a proportional-safety valve. The earliest and simplest safety valve was used on a 1679 steam digester and utilized a weight to retain the steam pressure (this design is still commonly used on pressure cookers); however, these were easily tampered with or accidentally released.

5. Flow limiter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_limiter

   Flow limiters are designed with the intent of reducing the cross-section area with a plate and a laser drill is used to create a small hole. The diameter of the hole will vary based on the flow rate, inlet pressure, and outlet pressure. The design can also be created with drilled orifices with threaded ends.

6. Proportioning valve - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportioning_valve

   A cross-section of a proportioning safety valve. A proportioning valve is a valve that relies on the laws of fluid pressure to distribute input forces to one or more output lines. Proportioning valves are frequently used in cars and other road vehicles to reduce the brake fluid pressure to the rear brakes. Due to weight distribution during ...

7. Piping and plumbing fitting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fitting

   Valves stop (or regulate) the flow of liquids or gases. They are categorized by application, such as isolation, throttling, and non-return. Isolation valves temporarily disconnect part of a piping system to allow maintenance or repair, for example. Isolation valves are typically left in either a fully open or closed position.