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LEDs with built-in series resistors are available. These may save printed circuit board space, and are especially useful when building prototypes or populating a PCB in a way other than its designers intended. However, the resistor value is set at the time of manufacture, removing one of the key methods of setting the LED's intensity.
LED power dissipation is modeled as a current source; thermal resistance is modeled as a resistor; and the ambient temperature is modeled as a voltage source. High power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can use 350 milliwatts or more in a single LED. Most of the electricity in an LED becomes heat rather than light (about 70% heat and 30% light). [1]
A four-lead arrangement is typical with one common lead (anode or cathode) and an additional lead for each color. Others have only two leads (positive and negative) and have a built-in electronic controller. RGB LEDs consist of one red, one green, and one blue LED. [58]
Opto-isolator VTL2C1 with LED input and photoresistor output. Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator [notes 1] or lamp-coupled photocell, [1] is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically ...
For the rest of this comment I am going to assume an LED is a single P-N junction. Regarding reverse voltage: Most if not all LED manufacturers will list an absolute maximum reverse voltage as 5V. Yet, many people are driving LEDs directly from an AC power line (120V or 240V) with a resistor for current limiting.
This year, the first night of the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah fell on the same day as Christmas for the first time since 2005. Christmas and Hanukkah both always fall on the 25th, but of two ...
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