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The epidermis is the outermost of the three layers that comprise the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis. [1] The epidermis layer provides a barrier to infection from environmental pathogens [2] and regulates the amount of water released from the body into the atmosphere through transepidermal water loss.
The human stratum corneum comprises several levels of flattened corneocytes that are divided into two layers: the stratum disjunctum and stratum compactum. The skin's protective acid mantle and lipid barrier sit on top of the stratum disjunctum. [5] The stratum disjunctum is the uppermost and loosest layer of skin.
It forms the outermost layer of the skin and the inner lining of the mouth, esophagus and vagina. [2] In the epidermis of skin in mammals, reptiles, and birds, the layer of keratin in the outer layer of the stratified squamous epithelial surface is named the stratum corneum. Stratum corneum is made up of squamous cells which are keratinized and ...
The human skin is the outer covering of the body and is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal tissue guarding muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to most of the other mammals' skin, and it is very similar to pig skin.
The components of the natural moisturizing factor absorb water from the atmosphere to ensure that the superficial layers of the stratum corneum stay hydrated. [13] As they are water-soluble themselves, excessive water contact may leach them and inhibit their normal functions which is why prolonged contact with water makes the skin drier. [14]
Basal cells in the basal layer (stratum basale) of the skin are sometimes referred to as basal keratinocytes. [2] Keratinocytes form a barrier against environmental damage by heat , UV radiation , water loss , pathogenic bacteria , fungi , parasites , and viruses .
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Individuals prone to dry skin or skin sloughing may use a number of methods to prevent the condition in the first place. Decreasing exposure to harsh environments can decrease dry, peeling skin. Avoid extreme heat: Showering or bathing should be done with warm water as opposed to hot. Additionally, heaters and fires produce dry heat.