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Beyond the intellectual realms of political economy, history, and political science that discuss, describe, and analyze the bourgeoisie as a social class, the colloquial usage of the sociological terms bourgeois and bourgeoise describe the social stereotypes of the old money and of the nouveau riche, who is a politically timid conformist ...
Petite bourgeoisie (French pronunciation: [pətit(ə) buʁʒwazi], literally 'small bourgeoisie'; also anglicised as petty bourgeoisie) is a term that refers to a social class composed of small business owners, shopkeepers, small-scale merchants, semi-autonomous peasants, and artisans.
This current bourgeoisie system, which can be traced back to the law on the communes of 1866, has gradually lost importance. However, these institutions still manage some hospitals and, in some cantons, confer a "right to bourgeoisie", sometimes prior to Swiss naturalization. This system is linked to the place of origin.
In the German compound word Bildungsbürgertum, the word Bildung denotes "culture" and "education" as defined during the Age of Enlightenment. [1] Bildung also corresponds to the educational ideal presented in the works of Wilhelm von Humboldt in which Bildung connotes education as a life-long process, not merely the acquisition of knowledge and training.
[1] [2] To gain access to the bourgeoisie, they had to buy it. In addition to the sum of money, it was customary to pay for a "seillot" [3] and often a firearm. The bourgeoisie acquired services for free or at a reduced price. [4] [5] The bourgeois could be on the General Council and the Council of Two Hundred.
In 1938, with war on the horizon, Mussolini escalated a public relations campaign against Italy's bourgeoisie, accusing them of preferring private gain to national victory. [ 6 ]
Moore identified the English, French, and American revolutions as examples of this route. [ 13 ] Historian Neil Davidson believes that neither the establishment of democracy or the end of feudal relations are defining characteristics of bourgeois revolutions but instead supports Alex Callinicos ' definition of bourgeois revolution as being ...
3. Urban petite bourgeoisie (14% of the working population), [1] is mainly made up of shopkeepers, small-business entrepreneurs, self-employed artisans etc. 4. Rural petite bourgeoisie (10% of the working population) [1] consists of small entrepreneurs or estate owners who operate in the countryside, mainly in agriculture and forestry. 5.