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This mental phenomenon is known as cognitive dissonance, explains licensed psychologist David Tzall, ... or behaviors seem to clash with each other,” according to Psychology Today. ...
Leon Festinger, born in 1919 in New York City, [6] was an American social psychologist whose contributions to psychology include the cognitive dissonance theory, social comparison theory, and the proximity effect. [5] [7]
Cognitive dissonance is a state of tension that occurs whenever a person holds two inconsistent cognitions. For example, "Smoking will shorten my life, and I wish to live for as long as possible," and yet "I smoke three packs a day." Dissonance is bothersome in any circumstance but it is especially painful when an important element of self ...
Elliot Aronson (born January 9, 1932) is an American psychologist who has carried out experiments on the theory of cognitive dissonance and invented the Jigsaw Classroom, a cooperative teaching technique that facilitates learning while reducing interethnic hostility and prejudice.
Many revisions have been proposed but research has raised concerns with each of these revisions. In the late 1990s, Harmon-Jones proposed a revision to the theory of cognitive dissonance. This action-based model extends the original theory by proposing why cognitive inconsistency causes both dissonance and dissonance reduction.
Disconfirmed expectancy is a psychological term for what is commonly known as a failed prophecy.According to the American social psychologist Leon Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance, disconfirmed expectancies create a state of psychological discomfort because the outcome contradicts expectancy.
Ambivalent prejudice is a social psychological theory that states that, when people become aware that they have conflicting beliefs about an outgroup (a group of people that do not belong to an individual's own group), they experience an unpleasant mental feeling generally referred to as cognitive dissonance.
In psychology and cognitive science, a memory bias is a cognitive bias that either enhances or impairs the recall of a memory (either the chances that the memory will be recalled at all, or the amount of time it takes for it to be recalled, or both), or that alters the content of a reported memory. There are many types of memory bias, including: