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2. Hagen–Poiseuille equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagen–Poiseuille_equation

   Normally, Hagen–Poiseuille flow implies not just the relation for the pressure drop, above, but also the full solution for the laminar flow profile, which is parabolic. However, the result for the pressure drop can be extended to turbulent flow by inferring an effective turbulent viscosity in the case of turbulent flow, even though the flow ...

3. Kozeny–Carman equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozeny–Carman_equation

   The Kozeny–Carman equation (or Carman–Kozeny equation or Kozeny equation) is a relation used in the field of fluid dynamics to calculate the pressure drop of a fluid flowing through a packed bed of solids. It is named after Josef Kozeny and Philip C. Carman. The equation is only valid for creeping flow, i.e. in the slowest limit of laminar ...

4. Darcy–Weisbach equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy–Weisbach_equation

   If the formula for laminar flow is f = ⁠ 16 / Re ⁠, it is the Fanning factor f, and if the formula for laminar flow is f D = ⁠ 64 / Re ⁠, it is the Darcy–Weisbach factor f D. Which friction factor is plotted in a Moody diagram may be determined by inspection if the publisher did not include the formula described above: Observe the ...

5. Flow distribution in manifolds - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_distribution_in_manifolds

   [4] [5] [6] A generalized model of the flow distribution in channel networks of planar fuel cells. [6] Similar to Ohm's law, the pressure drop is assumed to be proportional to the flow rates. The relationship of pressure drop, flow rate and flow resistance is described as Q 2 = ∆P/R. f = 64/Re for laminar flow where Re is the Reynolds number.

6. Friction loss - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction_loss

   Here, it is greatly affected by whether the flow is laminar (Re < 2000) or turbulent (Re > 4000): [1] In laminar flow, losses are proportional to fluid velocity, V; that velocity varies smoothly between the bulk of the fluid and the pipe surface, where it is zero. The roughness of the pipe surface influences neither the fluid flow nor the ...

7. Laminar flow - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar_flow

   Laminar flow hoods are used to exclude contaminants from sensitive processes in science, electronics and medicine. Air curtains are frequently used in commercial settings to keep heated or refrigerated air from passing through doorways. A laminar flow reactor (LFR) is a reactor that uses laminar flow to study chemical reactions and process ...

8. Ergun equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergun_equation

   To calculate the pressure drop in a given reactor, the following equation may be deduced: = + | |. This arrangement of the Ergun equation makes clear its close relationship to the simpler Kozeny-Carman equation, which describes laminar flow of fluids across packed beds via the first term on the right hand side.

9. Rheometer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheometer

   Liquid is forced through a tube of constant cross-section and precisely known dimensions under conditions of laminar flow. Either the flow-rate or the pressure drop are fixed and the other measured. Knowing the dimensions, the flow-rate can be converted into a value for the shear rate and the pressure drop into a value for the shear stress ...