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  2. Osteoporosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoporosis

    Weight-bearing endurance exercise and/or exercises to strengthen muscles improve bone strength in those with osteoporosis. [141] [162] Aerobics, weight bearing, and resistance exercises all maintain or increase BMD in postmenopausal women. [141] [163] Daily intake of calcium and vitamin D is recommended for postmenopausal women. [163]

  3. Williams Flexion Exercises - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams_Flexion_Exercises

    Williams suggested that humans, in evolving to stand erect, severely deformed the vertebral column, redistributing body weight to the posterior aspect of the intervertebral discs in the lumbar spine. At the 4th and 5th lumbar levels, great pressure is said to be exerted on the posterior aspect of each vertebra and transferred from the vertebra ...

  4. Minimally invasive spine surgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimally_invasive_spine...

    Minimally invasive spine surgery, also known as MISS, has no specific meaning or definition. It implies a lack of severe surgical invasion. It implies a lack of severe surgical invasion. The older style of open-spine surgery for a relatively small disc problem used to require a 5-6 inch incision and a month in the hospital.

  5. Spinal stenosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_stenosis

    Weight loss, to relieve symptoms and slow the progression of the stenosis; Physical therapy to support self-care. [37] Also may give instructions on stretching and strength exercises that may lead to a decrease in pain and other symptoms. Lumbar epidural steroid or anesthetic injections have low quality evidence to support their use. [36] [38]

  6. Neurogenic claudication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenic_claudication

    Surgery is generally reserved for patients whose symptoms do not improve with nonsurgical treatments, and the main objective of surgery is to relieve pressure on the spinal nerve roots and recover normal mobility and quality of life. [10] Lower spinal decompression is considered the mainstay of surgical treatment. [2]

  7. Laminectomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminectomy

    A laminectomy performed as a minimal spinal surgery procedure is a tissue-preserving surgery that leaves more of the muscle intact and spares the spinal process. Another procedure, called the laminotomy, is the removal of a mid-portion of one lamina and may be done either with a conventional open technique or in a minimalistic fashion with the ...

  8. Hip fracture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_fracture

    A hip fracture is a break that occurs in the upper part of the femur (thigh bone), at the femoral neck or (rarely) the femoral head. [2] Symptoms may include pain around the hip, particularly with movement, and shortening of the leg. [2] Usually the person cannot walk. [3] A hip fracture is usually a femoral neck fracture.

  9. Modic changes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modic_changes

    From the age of 25 to 40 years, there is a steep increase in their prevalence, which levels out about 40 years of age and is stable until 80+ years. [7] Modic changes are estimated to affect approximately 349 million of the adult population worldwide.[July 2021 est.] [8] Modic changes is a descriptive term used by radiologists in MRI evaluations.