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Tartus (Tortosa) and its fortress, Templars headquarters 1152–1188 and fortress held until 1291, including the Cathedral of Our Lady of Tortosa [1] [3] Areimeh Castle, from the early 1150s to 1187 with interruption 1171–1177; Arwad island (Ruad), occupied in 1300–1302 [4] In the Principality of Antioch, now in Turkey:
It may be a castle, fortress, or fortified center. The term is a diminutive of city , meaning "little city", because it is a smaller part of the city of which it is the defensive core. In a fortification with bastions , the citadel is the strongest part of the system, sometimes well inside the outer walls and bastions, but often forming part of ...
A hillfort is a type of fortified refuge or defended settlement located to exploit a rise in elevation for defensive advantage. They are typical of the late European Bronze Age and Iron Age.
Blanchegarde at Tell es-Safi – castle, seat of a lordship at biblical tell; Caco or Cacho Castle, Qaqun; rebuilt by Baybars; national park; Caesarea (Maritima), stronghold of the Lordship of Caesarea – fortified port city; national park; Cafarlet (Hebrew: HaBonim, Arabic: Kafr Lam) – ruins of Umayyad fort reused by the Crusaders
Uruk in ancient Sumer (Mesopotamia) is one of the world's oldest known walled cities. The Ancient Egyptians also built fortresses on the frontiers of the Nile Valley to protect against invaders from adjacent territories, as well as circle-shaped mud brick walls around their cities. Many of the fortifications of the ancient world were built with ...
Erebuni Fortress (Armenian: Էրեբունի ամրոց, romanized: Erebuni amrots') is an Urartian fortified city, located in Yerevan, Armenia. It is 1,017 metres (3,337 ft) above sea level. [ 1 ] It was one of several fortresses built along the northern Urartian border and was one of the most important political, economic and cultural centers ...
The fortress played a significant role in the events surrounding the Maccabean Revolt, which resulted in the formation of the Hasmonean Kingdom. The "upper city" was captured by Judas Maccabeus , with the Seleucid garrison taking refuge in the "Acra" below, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and the task of destroying this last enemy stronghold inside Jerusalem fell ...
External view of the Burg site Top of the rampart at Burg. Circular ramparts are found in north and western Europe, for example, in Denmark, Estonia, Sweden, Germany, Great Britain, Belgium and the Netherlands; in central Europe, in Austria and Switzerland; in southeastern Europe in Romania, Moldova and Ukraine; [3] and also in the United States. [4]