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In IUPAC nomenclature, an acetyl group is called an ethanoyl group. An acetyl group contains a methyl group (−CH 3) that is single-bonded to a carbonyl (C=O), making it an acyl group. The carbonyl center of an acyl radical has one non-bonded electron with which it forms a chemical bond to the remainder (denoted with the letter R) of the molecule.
Missing letter effect; Modality effect; Mozart effect; Munchausen syndrome; Naive realism; Name-letter effect; Near-miss effect; Negativity effect; Nocebo effect; Novelty effect; Numerosity adaptation effect; Observer-expectancy effect; Out-group homogeneity effect; Overconfidence effect; Overjustification effect; Peltzman effect; Perruchet ...
This tendency reflects the fact that low molecular weight aldehydes are prone to self-condensation such that the C=O bond is replaced by an acetal. The acetal formed from formaldehyde (two hydrogens attached to the central carbon) is sometimes called a formal [4] or the methylenedioxy group. The acetal formed from acetone is sometimes called an ...
Acetyl-CoA then enters the citric acid cycle, where the acetyl group is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, and the energy released is captured in the form of 11 ATP and one GTP per acetyl group. Konrad Bloch and Feodor Lynen were awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries linking acetyl-CoA and fatty acid ...
The reactivity of a functional group can be modified by other functional groups nearby. Functional group interconversion can be used in retrosynthetic analysis to plan organic synthesis. A functional group is a group of atoms in a molecule with distinctive chemical properties, regardless of the other atoms in the molecule.
These modifications are effected by enzymes called histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). [4] Two general mechanisms are known for deacetylation. One mechanism involves zinc binding to the acetyl oxygen. Another family of deacetylases require NAD +, which transfers an ribosyl group to the acetyl oxygen. [1]
Even if the shapes, sizes, and objects are radically different, they will appear as a group if they are close. Refers to the way smaller elements are "assembled" in a composition. Also called "grouping", the principle concerns the effect generated when the collective presence of the set of elements becomes more meaningful than their presence as ...
For example, for the letter R in the word "card", an observer might be asked to choose between the letter R and T, and will usually be more efficient in doing so than if they are asked to make the same choice with the string of letters such as "cqrd". [1] Each possible completion with the two possible letters in the word condition produce a word.