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The Benelux countries also work together in the so-called Pentalateral Energy Forum, a regional cooperation group formed of five members—the Benelux states, France, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Formed on 6 June 2007, the ministers for energy from the various countries represent a total of 200 million residents and 40% of the European ...
The 3 questions were answered by European Court of Justice on 12 February 2004, and the Benelux Court of Justice answered the 9 questions on 1 December 2004. The Supreme Court of the Netherlands in turn gave its ruling, based on those answers on 27 January 2006. [9] The court upheld the rejection of the registration of the trade mark. [9]
On September 5, 1944, the Benelux Customs Union was created. It entered into force in 1948, and ceased to exist on 1 November 1960, when it was replaced by the Benelux Economic Union after a treaty signed in The Hague on February 3, 1958. The Benelux Parliament was created in 1955.
Based on the four language areas defined in 1962–63 (the Dutch, bilingual, French and German language areas), consecutive revisions of the country's constitution in 1970, 1980, 1988 and 1993 established a unique form of a federal state with segregated political power into three levels: [100] [101]
In November 1830, the National Congress of Belgium was established to create a constitution for the new state. The Congress decided that Belgium would be a popular, constitutional monarchy. On 7 February 1831, the Belgian Constitution was proclaimed. However, no actual monarch yet sat on the throne.
The Dutch constitution and laws were introduced in Luxembourg, Dutch officials were sent there, and in 1823 the Dutch language was made obligatory in its courts. [2] Before 1841, Luxembourgers were considered Dutch citizens. [3] Luxembourg's foreign and military affairs were managed by the Dutch Ministries of Foreign Affairs and of War ...
Tapestry weavers of Oudenaarde form the Guild of St Barbara. [68] 1450: 28 February: Tournament held on the main square in Leuven in the presence of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy and Brabant. [69] 1451: 28 October: Guilds of Ghent take up arms against the Count of Flanders, Philip the Good. 1452: 31 May: Philip the Good declares war on the ...
While postage stamps became bilingual in 1893, it was not until 1967 that an official Dutch version of the Constitution was accepted. [4] Since independence, socio-economic imbalances have fueled resentment between the two communities. [5] [6] Since the 1960s, separate regions have been created based on the country's linguistic division.