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  2. microRNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroRNA

    miRNA biogenesis in plants differs from animal biogenesis mainly in the steps of nuclear processing and export. Instead of being cleaved by two different enzymes, once inside and once outside the nucleus, both cleavages of the plant miRNA are performed by a Dicer homolog, called Dicer-like1 (DL1). DL1 is expressed only in the nucleus of plant ...

  3. Drosha - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosha

    These two proteins homeostatically control miRNA biogenesis by an auto-feedback loop. [16] A 2nt 3' overhang is generated by Drosha in the nucleus recognized by Dicer in the cytoplasm, which couples the upstream and downstream processing events. Pre-miRNA is then further processed by the RNase Dicer into mature miRNAs in the cell cytoplasm.

  4. IsomiR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsomiR

    In the past it had always been said that the same miRNA precursor generates the same miRNA sequences. However, the advent of deep sequencing has now allowed researchers to detect a huge variability in miRNA biogenesis, meaning that from the same miRNA precursor many different sequences can be generated potentially have different targets, [ 3 ...

  5. RNA-induced silencing complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA-induced_silencing_complex

    The RNase III Dicer is a critical member of RISC that initiates the RNA interference process by producing double-stranded siRNA or single-stranded miRNA. Enzymatic cleavage of dsRNA within the cell produces the short siRNA fragments of 21-23 nucleotides in length with a two-nucleotide 3' overhang.

  6. let-7 microRNA family - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let-7_microRNA_family

    The Let-7 microRNA precursor gives rise to let-7, a microRNA (miRNA) involved in control of stem-cell division and differentiation. [ 1 ] let-7 , short for "lethal-7", was discovered along with the miRNA lin-4 in a study of developmental timing in C. elegans , [ 2 ] making these miRNAs the first ever discovered.

  7. Argonaute - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argonaute

    AGO2 (grey) in complex with a microRNA (light blue) and its target mRNA (dark blue) In humans, there are eight AGO family members, some of which are investigated intensively. However, even though AGO1–4 are capable of loading miRNA, endonuclease activity and thus RNAi-dependent gene silencing exclusively belongs to AGO2.

  8. Microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor_complex...

    The subunit DGCR8 is localized to the cell nucleus and is required for microRNA (miRNA) processing. It binds to the other subunit Drosha, an RNase III enzyme, to form the microprocessor complex that cleaves a primary transcript known as pri-miRNA to a characteristic stem-loop structure known as a pre-miRNA, which is then further processed to miRNA fragments by the enzyme Dicer.

  9. Mirtron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirtron

    [1] [2] These short hairpin introns formed via atypical miRNA biogenesis pathways. [3] [4] Mirtrons arise from the spliced-out introns and are known to function in gene expression. Mirtrons were first identified in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans.

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