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The Guianas, also spelled Guyanas or Guayanas, is a geographical region in north-eastern South America. Strictly, the term refers to the three Guianas: Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana, formerly British, Dutch, and French Guiana. Broadly, it refers to the South American coast from the mouth of the Orinoco to the mouth of the Amazon.
Guyana – previously known as British Guiana, is the only nation state of the Commonwealth of Nations on the mainland of South America. [1] Bordered to the east by Suriname , to the south and southwest by Brazil and to the west by Venezuela , it is the third-smallest country on the mainland of South America.
With a land area of 214,969 km 2 (83,000 sq mi), [13] Guyana is the third-smallest sovereign state by area in mainland South America after Uruguay and Suriname, and is the second-least populous sovereign state in South America after Suriname; it is also one of the least densely populated countries on Earth.
A sovereign state is a political association with effective sovereignty over a population for whom it makes decisions in the national interest. [3] According to the Montevideo Convention, a state must have a permanent population, a defined territory, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. [4]
French Guiana [a] is an overseas department and region of France located on the northern coast of South America in the Guianas and the West Indies.Bordered by Suriname to the west and Brazil to the east and south, French Guiana covers a total area of 84,000 km 2 (32,000 sq mi) [2] [3] [7] and a land area of 83,534 km 2 (32,253 sq mi). [3]
The Guiana Shield occupies the southern region of the Orinoco River and the northern region of the Amazon River, between the plains of Colombia and Venezuela and the Atlantic Ocean. It covers the whole south of Venezuela and the south of the Orinoco. It has the oldest rocks in the country. There are archaic rocks with more than 3,000 million years.
French Guiana is an overseas region of France, located on the northern coast of South America between Suriname and Brazil. The country is part of Caribbean South America and borders the North Atlantic Ocean. It has low-lying plains with small mountains to the south. Its climate is split between tropical rainforest and tropical monsoon.
Below is a list of countries and dependencies in South America by area. [1] Brazil is the largest country in South America while Suriname is the smallest. Panama is not regarded as a transcontinental country but the country is sometimes included in South America due to being part of Colombia prior to its secession in 1903.