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In organic chemistry, an alkyl group is an alkane missing one hydrogen. [1] The term alkyl is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions. An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of −C n H 2n+1. A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −C n H ...
However, in most animal tissues, cardiolipin contains 18-carbon fatty alkyl chains with 2 unsaturated bonds on each of them. [4] It has been proposed that the (18:2)4 acyl chain configuration is an important structural requirement for the high affinity of CL to inner membrane proteins in mammalian mitochondria. [5]
In organic chemistry, a functional group is a substituent or moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions.The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reactions regardless of the rest of the molecule's composition.
Peptide amphiphiles are a class of molecules consisting of either hydrophobic and hydrophilic peptide sequences, or a hydrophilic peptide with an attached hydrophobic group, which is usually an alkyl chain. The structure of a peptide amphiphiles has four key domains. Firstly there is a hydrophobic section, typically an alkyl chain.
These chains are linear and unbranched, with each amino acid residue within the chain attached to two neighboring amino acids. In nature, the process of making proteins encoded by RNA genetic material is called translation and involves the step-by-step addition of amino acids to a growing protein chain by a ribozyme that is called a ribosome ...
It has a β-propiolactone ring, which has a 2,3-trans-disubstituted linear alkyl chains located at the α- (C6) and β-site (C13) of the compound. It contains N-formyl-L-leucine amino acid connected to the β-alkyl chain via ester-bond. [5] The structure of Lipstatin is shown in the table below. [28]
There are three major classes namely; 1-alkyl-2-acyl glycerophospholipid, 1,2-diacyl glycerophospholipid and plasmalogen. The main function of these classes of glycerophospholipids in the neural membranes is to provide stability, permeability and fluidity through specific alterations in their compositions. [13]
For maximum potency, the size of the alkyl groups substituted on the nitrogen should not exceed the size of a methyl group. The molecule should have an oxygen atom, preferably an ester-like oxygen capable of participating in a hydrogen bond. A two-carbon unit should occur between the oxygen atom and the nitrogen atom.