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Carbonatation is a slow process that occurs in concrete where lime (CaO, or Ca(OH) 2 ) in the cement reacts with carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the air and forms calcium carbonate. The water in the pores of Portland cement concrete is normally alkaline with a pH in the range of 12.5 to 13.5.
At extremely low P CO 2, dissolved CO 2, bicarbonate ion, and carbonate ion largely evaporate from the solution, leaving a highly alkaline solution of calcium hydroxide, which is more soluble than CaCO 3. For P CO 2 = 10 −12 atm, the [Ca 2+][OH −] 2 product is still below the solubility product of Ca(OH) 2 (8 × 10 −6).
Calcium bicarbonate, also called calcium hydrogencarbonate, has the chemical formula Ca(HCO 3) 2. The term does not refer to a known solid compound; it exists only in aqueous solution containing calcium (Ca 2+), bicarbonate (HCO − 3), and carbonate (CO 2− 3) ions, together with dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2).
Ca 2+ + 2 HCO 3 − → CaCO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O. While the biological carbon pump fixes inorganic carbon (CO 2) into particulate organic carbon in the form of sugar (C 6 H 12 O 6), the carbonate pump fixes inorganic bicarbonate and causes a net release of CO 2. [20] In this way, the carbonate pump could be termed the carbonate counter pump.
Calcium hydroxide is modestly soluble in water, as seen for many dihydroxides. Its solubility increases from 0.66 g/L at 100 °C to 1.89 g/L at 0 °C. [8] Its solubility product K sp of 5.02 × 10 −6 at 25 °C, [1] its dissociation in water is large enough that its solutions are basic according to the following dissolution reaction:
December 10, 2024 at 12:04 AM If you’re stuck on today’s Wordle answer, we’re here to help—but beware of spoilers for Wordle 1270 ahead. Let's start with a few hints.
November 22, 2024 at 12:04 AM If you’re stuck on today’s Wordle answer, we’re here to help—but beware of spoilers for Wordle 1252 ahead. Let's start with a few hints.
16.1 Ra. 16.2 Rn. 16.3 Re. 16.4 Rh. 16.5 Rb. ... Calcium hydride – CaH 2; Calcium hydroxide – Ca(OH) 2; ... oxalate – C 6 Fe 2 O 12; Iron(III) oxide – Fe 2 O ...