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Punjabi Sikhs primarily inhabit the Indian state of Punjab, the only Sikh-majority administrative division on Earth. Punjabi Sikhs make up 57.69% of the state’s population. [ 6 ] Many have ancestry from the greater Punjab region , an area that was partitioned between India and Pakistan in 1947.
Punjabi, sometimes spelled Panjabi, [g] is an Indo-Aryan language natively spoken by the Punjabi people. Punjabi is the most popular first language in Pakistan, with 80.5 million native speakers as per the 2017 census, and the 11th most popular in India, with 31.1 million native speakers, as per the 2011 census.
Sikhs (singular Sikh: / s ɪ k / SIK or / s iː k / SEEK; Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖ, romanized: sikkh, IPA:) are an ethnoreligious group [84] [85] who adhere to Sikhism, [86] a religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Guru Nanak. [87]
Gursikh (Punjabi: ਗੁਰਸਿੱਖ ) is a term used by Sikhs, either to describe any Sikh, or one who is especially devoted to following the Sikh guru, a "pious, observant Sikh". [1] One who calls himself a Gursikh of the True Guru, shall rise in the early morning hours and meditate on the Lord's Name. [2]
Jat Sikh or Jatt Sikh (Gurmukhi: ਜੱਟ ਸਿੱਖ) is an ethnoreligious group, a subgroup of the Jat people whose traditional religion is Sikhism, originating from the Indian subcontinent. They are one of the dominant communities in the Punjab, India , owing to their large land holdings. [ 2 ]
A sahajdhari (Punjabi: ਸਹਜਧਾਰੀ ; Meaning "spiritual state of equilibrium adopter"; alternatively spelt as sehajdhari) Sikh is a person who believes in Sikhism but is not an Amritdhari. A Sahajdhari adheres to the principles of Sikhism and the teachings of the Sikh gurus but may not wear all of the Five Symbols of Sikhism.
Nanakpanthi [1] (Gurmukhi: ਨਾਨਕਪੰਥੀ; nānakapathī, "follower of the way of life of Nanak"), [2] also known as Nanakshahi, [3] is a syncretist movement which follows Guru Nanak (1469–1539), the founder of Sikhism, but without necessarily formally identifying as being Sikh in terms of religious affiliation, as it's the case with numerous Punjabi Hindus and Sindhi Hindus.
The Singh Sabha Movement of the late 19th century, a movement to revitalize Sikh institutions which had declined during colonial rule after the fall of the Sikh Empire, also advocated for the usage of the Gurmukhi script for mass media, with print media publications and Punjabi-language newspapers established in the 1880s. [34]