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Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a condition in which there is compression of the nerves, arteries, or veins in the superior thoracic aperture, the passageway from the lower neck to the armpit, also known as the thoracic outlet. [1] There are three main types: neurogenic, venous, and arterial. [1]
The superior thoracic aperture is essentially a hole surrounded by a bony ring, through which several vital structures pass. It is bounded by: the first thoracic vertebra (T1) posteriorly; the first pair of ribs laterally, forming lateral C-shaped curves posterior to anterior; and the costal cartilage of the first rib and the superior border of the manubrium anteriorly.
The rate of chest pain as a symptom of acute coronary syndrome varies among populations based upon age, sex, and previous medical conditions. [45] In general, women are more likely than men to present without chest pain (49% vs. 38%) in cases of myocardial infarction. [45]
The excess pressure of thoracic outlet syndrome may be reduced by rib removal. [1] Major surgery to the thoracic cavity, such as open heart surgery , may require removal of ribs to allow access to the organ being operated on.
On X, meanwhile, header photos on an account under Mangione’s n a me show an X-ray image of a spine with what appear to be four rods or screws inserted. (Posts on the X account date to 2016 and ...
Pectoralis minor syndrome (PMS) is a condition related to thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) that results from the pectoralis minor muscle being too tight. [1] PMS results from the brachial plexus being compressed under the pectoralis minor [2] while TOS involves compression of the bundle above the clavicle. In most patients, the nerves are ...
A Florida man is accused of stabbing his estranged girlfriend up to 70 times during a fatal break-in - exactly one month after he was nabbed for assaulting the victim and ordered to stay away from ...
In 2024, the wide, wide world of sports saw repeat champions, first-time titlists, a grand Paris summer and some epic fails. The winners and losers: