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  2. John Locke - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke

    John Locke's portrait by Godfrey Kneller, National Portrait Gallery, London. John Locke (/ l ɒ k /; 29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704 ()) [13] was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of the Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "father of liberalism".

  3. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_Concerning_Human...

    An Essay Concerning Human Understanding is a work by John Locke concerning the foundation of human knowledge and understanding. It first appeared in 1689 (although dated 1690) with the printed title An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding.

  4. Two Treatises of Government - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Treatises_of_Government

    This translation left out Locke's "Preface," all of the First Treatise, and the first chapter of the Second Treatise (which summarised Locke's conclusions in the First Treatise). It was in this form that Locke's work was reprinted during the 18th century in France and in this form that Montesquieu , Voltaire and Rousseau were exposed to it. [ 11 ]

  5. Labor theory of property - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_theory_of_property

    Economist John Quiggin argues that this fits into a larger fundamental criticism of Locke's labor theory of property which values a particular type of labor and land use (i.e., agriculture) over all others. It thus does not recognize usage of land, for example, by hunter-gatherer societies as granting rights to ownership.

  6. Natural rights and legal rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal...

    John Locke, "Life, Liberty, Estate " John Locke (1632–1704) was another prominent Western philosopher who conceptualized rights as natural and inalienable. Like Hobbes, Locke believed in a natural right to life, liberty, and property.

  7. Social contract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_contract

    Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice (1971) Riley, Patrick. "How Coherent is the Social Contract Tradition?" Journal of the History of Ideas 34: 4 (Oct. – Dec., 1973): 543–62. Riley, Patrick. Will and Political Legitimacy: A Critical Exposition of Social Contract Theory in Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Kant, and Hegel. Cambridge, Massachusetts ...

  8. Right of revolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_of_revolution

    John Stuart Mill believed in a morally justifiable form of right to revolution against tyranny, placing him firmly in the tradition of Aquinas, Locke, and Rousseau. In his introduction to On Liberty , he gave an account of the historical limitation of kingly power by the multitude, a conflict he termed "liberty".

  9. Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life,_Liberty_and_the...

    Locke never associated natural rights with happiness, but his philosophical opponent Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz made such an association in the introduction to his Codex Iuris Gentium. [28] William Wollaston 's The Religion of Nature Delineated describes the "truest definition" of "natural religion" as being " The pursuit of happiness by the ...