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John Frederick Joseph Cade AO [1] [2] [3] (18 January 1912 – 16 November 1980) was an Australian psychiatrist who in 1948 discovered the effects of lithium carbonate as a mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder, then known as manic depression.
Lithium is known to inhibit the enzyme GSK-3B. This improves the functioning of the circadian clock—which is thought to be often malfunctioning in people with bipolar disorder—and positively modulates gene transcription of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The resulting increase in neural plasticity may be central to lithium's ...
Lithium's therapeutic effects are thought to be partially attributable to its interactions with several signal transduction mechanisms. [119] The cyclic AMP secondary messenger system is shown to be modulated by lithium. Lithium was found to increase the basal levels of cyclic AMP but impair receptor-coupled stimulation of cyclic AMP production ...
10. "Think happy thoughts." People can't always control what pops into their heads. ... "Many mental health disorders have neurochemical components to them—think, ADHD, depression and bipolar ...
The soft drink 7Up was originally named "Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda" when it was formulated in 1929 because it contained lithium citrate. The beverage was a patent medicine marketed as a cure for hangover. Lithium citrate was removed from 7Up in 1948 [5] after the Food and Drug Administration banned its use in soda. [6]
Lithium has the best overall evidence and is considered an effective treatment for acute manic episodes, preventing relapses, and bipolar depression. [143] [144] Lithium reduces the risk of suicide, self-harm, and death in people with bipolar disorder. [145] Lithium is preferred for long-term mood stabilization. [67]
In 1948, lithium was first used as a psychiatric medicine. One of the most important discoveries was chlorpromazine , an antipsychotic that was first given to a patient in 1952. In the same decade, Julius Axelrod carried out research into the interaction of neurotransmitters, which provided a foundation for the development of further drugs. [ 9 ]
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