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Intake air temperature -40 215 °C 10: 16: 2 Mass air flow sensor (MAF) air flow rate 0 655.35 g/s + 11: 17: 1 Throttle position 0 100 % 12: 18: 1 Commanded secondary air status Bit encoded. See below: 13: 19: 1 Oxygen sensors present (in 2 banks)
The liquid temperature varies in time until the wet-bulb temperature is reached. If the wet-bulb temperature is reached in a time of the same order of magnitude as the droplet heating time, then the liquid temperature can be considered to be constant with regard to time; model (1), the d 2-law, is obtained.
MAF sensor in a 2006-2015 automotive diesel engine. A mass (air) flow sensor (MAF) is a sensor used to determine the mass flow rate of air entering a fuel-injected internal combustion engine. The air mass information is necessary for the engine control unit (ECU) to balance and deliver the correct fuel mass to the engine. Air changes its ...
When the sensor is dipped in ethanol and then taken out to evaporate, the instrument shows progressively lower temperature as the ethanol evaporates. Rain evaporating after falling on hot pavement Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase. [ 1 ]
In fluid dynamics, aerodynamic potential flow codes or panel codes are used to determine the fluid velocity, and subsequently the pressure distribution, on an object. This may be a simple two-dimensional object, such as a circle or wing, or it may be a three-dimensional vehicle.
Accidental release source terms are the mathematical equations that quantify the flow rate at which accidental releases of liquid or gaseous pollutants into the ambient environment which can occur at industrial facilities such as petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, natural gas processing plants, oil and gas transportation pipelines, chemical plants, and many other industrial activities.
A vortex flowmeter has the following components: A flow sensor operable to sense pressure variations due to vortex-shedding of a fluid in a passage and to convert the pressure variations to a flow sensor signal, in the form of an electrical signal; and a signal processor operable to receive the flow sensor signal and to generate an output signal corresponding to the pressure variations due to ...
If the saturated liquid is a multi-component liquid (for example, a mixture of propane, isobutane and normal butane), the flashed vapor is richer in the more volatile components than is the remaining liquid. Uncontrolled flash evaporation can result in a boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion .